![]() The 5th Dalai Lama requested the Panchen to accept Tashilhunpo Monastery, built by the 1st Dalai Lama, as his multi-lifetime seat for future incarnations. "The Great Fifth", as he is known, pronounced the Panchen to be an incarnation of the celestial buddha Amitābha. He was the tutor and a close ally of the 5th Dalai Lama, Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen (1570–1662), was the first Panchen Lama to be accorded this title during his lifetime. "Erdeni", or "Erdini", ( Manchu: ᡝᡵᡩᡝᠨᡳ erdeni) is Manchu, meaning "treasure". In 1713, the 5th Panchen Lama Lobsang Yeshe received the title "Panchen Erdeni" from the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, which has been inherited by successive Panchen Lamas since then. "Bogd" ( Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ богд) is Mongolian, meaning "holy, saint". Other titles of Panchen Lama include "Panchen Bogd", the original title given by Altan Khan at the creation of the lineage. From the name of this monastery, the Europeans referred to the Panchen Lama as the Tashi-Lama (or spelled Tesho-Lama or Teshu-Lama). ![]() The Panchen Lama traditionally lived in Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse. The title, meaning "Great Scholar", is a Tibetan contraction of the Sanskrit paṇḍita (scholar) and the Tibetan chenpo (great). The successive Panchen Lamas form a tulku reincarnation lineage which are said to be the incarnations of Amitābha. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima has never been publicly seen since 1995. Their nomination has been widely rejected by Buddhists in Tibet and abroad, while governments have called for information about and the release of the Panchen Lama. The Chinese government instead named Gyaincain Norbu as the 11th Panchen Lama. Three days later, the six-year-old Panchen Lama was kidnapped by the Chinese government and his family was taken into custody. The current 11th Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, was recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama on. The Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama are closely connected, and each participates in the process of recognizing the other's reincarnations. ![]() Traditionally, the Panchen Lama is the head of Tashilhunpo Monastery, and holds religious and secular power over the Tsang region centered in Shigatse, independent of the Ganden Podrang authority led by the Dalai Lama. In 1792, the Qianlong Emperor issued a decree known as the 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet, and Article One of the decree was designed to be used in the selection of rinpoches, lamas and other high offices within Tibetan Buddhism, including the Dalai Lamas, Panchen Lamas and Mongolian lamas. In 1713, the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty granted the title Panchen Erdeni to the 5th Panchen Lama. Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, Sönam Choklang and Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup were subsequently recognized as the first to third Panchen Lamas posthumously. The recognition of Panchen Lamas began with Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, tutor of the 5th Dalai Lama, who received the title "Panchen Bogd" from Altan Khan and the Dalai Lama in 1645. Panchen is a portmanteau of Pandita and Chenpo, meaning "great scholar". Along with the council of high lamas, he is in charge of seeking out the next Dalai Lama. The Panchen Lama is one of the most important figures in the Gelug tradition, with its spiritual authority second only to the Dalai Lama. The Panchen Lama ( Tibetan: པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ།, Wylie: paN chen bla ma) is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.
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